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戏曲的其他技法(一)水袖

  • 2026-05-11 00:53:17
戏曲的其他技法(一)水袖

(一)水袖

运用水袖，既能表达角色心情，又能适应观众审美。各剧种的著名演员都很重视并学用水袖技法，也积累了丰富经
验程砚秋在《略谈旦角水袖的运用》中，把水袖技法归纳为上个字，即：勾、挑、撑、冲、拨、扬、掸、甩、打、抖。
勾：要使水袖叠起来露出手，就要用“勾”。伸出大拇指，对准水袖的折缝往上勾，两三下就把它叠起来了。
挑：以食指用劲，将水袖向上面扔出去，多用于耍水袖向上飞舞的时候。
撑：如《锁麟囊》的“找球”一场，有这样的身段：起云手、转身、翻水袖、两臂伸开、蹲下、亮相。这时就要用“撑”，主要以中指用劲，同时将两臂撑出去。
冲：两手托住水袖，两臂一先一后往上伸。这个身段多用于表现感情激动的“下场”时候。
拨：扬袖后要将水袖放下，还原时“拨”。主要以小指用劲，好像拨东西一样。
扬：翻袖，抬臂。多用于“叫头”、“哭头”等时候。
掸：扬袖后的还原动作。不过动作比“拨”要大一些，好似要掸去身上的灰尘一样。
甩：先翻袖，后甩出去，这个动作比“掸”又要大一些，多用于生气的时候。
打：略同于“甩”，不过更直来直往一些，用劲也更猛一些。
料：即一般常用的“抖袖”，动作比“掸”、“拨”都要小，只用腕子稍动一下就可以了。
文中说：这十个字并不是一个个孤立的，运用的时候把它们联系、穿插起来，就可以千变万化，组织成各种不同的舞蹈姿势。
梅兰芳在《宇宙锋》“修平”中扮演赵女，当听到赵高念:“明日早朝送进宫去”，赵女接连有三个“爹爹呀!”的叫头，她三次运用水袖有不同的变化，对感情、节奏、动作的处理逐步发展，越来越紧。如;
1、先扯着袖子擦一下眼泪，右手再搭袖叫起“叫头”，她对赵高的卑鄙行为实在痛恨，但还没发展到最尖锐的程度，这里只是带着责备的样子。
2、双手搭袖起“叫头”，表现赵女比刚才的情绪又紧张了一步。
3、两手一先一后翻袖起“叫头”，然后放下来再两搭袖，到末一句，用双袖摔向赵高。
对运用水袖的技法，可以从更多的经验介绍中得到更多的学用要领。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000633s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000868s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000310s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000274s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000674s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000654s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 472127 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000722s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1778981403 WHERE `id` = 472127 [ RunTime:0.014155s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000845s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 472127 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001250s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 472127 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001386s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 472127 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001966s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 472127 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.002154s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 472127 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003080s ]
0.115494s