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创作回望|李紫贵:戏曲导演点滴体会·上场(节选)

  • 2026-05-11 19:41:29
创作回望|李紫贵:戏曲导演点滴体会·上场(节选)
（李紫贵）
传统戏曲剧目的上场，有各种不同的导演处理。戏中的人物总是要上场的，如何上场才能有内容，是值得仔细研究的问题。在传统剧目的演出中，有的上场是把人物放在具体行动、具体斗争中；有的是以抒发人物的情感为主；有的能够突出表现出人物性格来，这些都是好的遗产，我们排新戏时可以吸收运用。另外也有很多上场的安排只是为了让那一人物出场而已，或者只起到介绍人物的作用，都是比较低的手法，就不足为法了。有些剧本在上场的安排上，没有注意这些问题，导演就必须好好地研究，看能不能做到较好地处理，使之更有内容。最好是编剧、导演和演员都能更好地注意上场的处理，不要搞成为上场而上场。
我在《白蛇传》的导演工作里，也曾试图注意上场的安排。举几个例子：在“游湖”时，白素贞在幕后唱［南梆子导板］“离却了峨眉到江南”，唱完后，在胡琴过门中场面起［小锣］，小青先跑上，在音乐和表演上都是很轻快的调子。小青上场，看花，四处张望，看来这里的什么景色对她来说都是新鲜的，也正可以表现出她的天真、活泼的性格。接着白素贞在［小锣］的最后一锣时上场，上来就接唱。白素贞的心情与小青是相同的，可是性格不同，因此走得比较稳。在“飞桨”时，白素贞在幕后唱［西皮导板］“一叶舟儿忙来到”，唱完“一叶舟儿”四个字就与小青同驾小舟在“空匡”二记锣中出场亮相，然后一面走圆场，一面接唱后三个字，“到”字出口时，急冲至台口，像船遇到浪的拍击时一样，身体一晃两晃，突然收住脚步，紧接着“叫头”：“青儿呀！”这里，她们的心情紧迫，节奏是跳动的，如果唱完第一句再上，就不能达到与她们心情紧密结合的效果。在“断桥”里，白素贞在幕后唱［西皮导板］“杀出了金山寺怒如烈火”，唱完后，［切头］，白素贞上，亮住，场面上胡琴、锣鼓都戛然停下来，她干唱“狠心的官人啊”一句，将唱完时胡琴再衬上去，这里的安排是以抒发情感为主，因为只唱一句［导板］，觉得感情的抒发犹有未尽，就用了这样一个干哭头，可以把她在受到打击后的一股怨恨的感情充分地发泄出来。
（李紫贵：《戏曲导演点滴体会·上场》，《李紫贵戏曲表导演艺术论集》，中国戏剧出版社，1992年，第149-150 页。）
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000990s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001522s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000733s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000704s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001368s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000602s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001548s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 476558 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000992s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1778617989 WHERE `id` = 476558 [ RunTime:0.019266s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000792s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476558 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001209s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 476558 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001132s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476558 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001563s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476558 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001819s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476558 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.007161s ]
0.211876s