●藏品名称：清代锤揲《定军山》戏曲故事纹银质龙柄杯（Qing Dynasty Repoussé Silver Tankard with Dragon Handle, Depicting the Opera Story of the Battle of Dingjun Mountain）
●藏品编号CollectionNo.：SV1101
●重量Weight（g）：157.07
●长Length（cm）：9.5
●口径 Caliber（cm）：6.2
●高Height（cm）：9.6
●工艺（Manufacturing Techniques）：锤揲、錾刻（repoussé and chased decoration）
●银含量标记（Silver Standard Mark）：足银（ “Zu Yin” pure silver)）
●中文标记（Chinese Mark）：喜记（Xi Ji）
●英文标记（English Mark）：无（None）
●数字标记（Numeric Mark）：无 （None）
●开光框刻字（Engraved Cartouche）：无（None）
藏品编号CollectionNo.：SV1101
藏品编号CollectionNo.：SV1101
藏品编号CollectionNo.：SV1101
藏品编号CollectionNo.：SV1101
藏品编号CollectionNo.：SV1101
藏品编号CollectionNo.：SV1101
藏品描述
清代锤揲《定军山》戏曲故事纹银质龙柄杯为清晚期广州或香港地区银匠制作的外销工艺银器，器型参照西方饮用杯形式而成，整体呈圆筒形微内收直壁双层空心结构。
杯身采用锤揲与錾刻工艺相结合的方式制作，外壁通景装饰《定军山》戏曲故事场面，表现黄忠、夏侯渊对阵及人物行旅于山水亭阁之间的情节，画面构图紧凑，层次分明，具有明显的岭南外销银器风格特征。把手塑成高浮雕立体龙形，龙首昂扬，龙身卷曲，兼具实用性与装饰性，是十九世纪中国外销银器中常见的吉祥元素。器身设盾牌型开光框，框内无刻字。
此类银杯的生产背景与清代通商口岸的中西贸易密切相关，反映了中国传统工艺在外来器物形制影响下的融合与创新。杯底錾有“喜记”工匠款识，是判断其制作来源的重要依据。该杯重157.07克，尺寸规整（长9.5厘米，高9.6厘米，深6.2厘米），不仅展现了清代银匠高超的金属工艺水平，也成为了研究清代社会生活、戏曲传播与民间审美趣味的珍贵实物史料，对研究清代外销金属工艺和跨文化消费史具有参考价值。
藏品纹饰
《定军山》故事
建安二十四年（公元219年），刘备在夺取益州后，为进一步稳固基业、打开北进中原的通道，亲率大军发动汉中之战，与曹操麾下镇守汉中的大将夏侯渊展开激烈交锋，定军山一战成为整场战役的关键转折点。
当时夏侯渊率曹军主力扼守定军山这一战略要地，依山筑寨、布防严密，刘备麾下老将黄忠与谋士法正领兵前来攻取，法正献策先派兵夺取定军山西侧的对山，占据居高临下的有利地形，而后以逸待劳、诱敌出战。
夏侯渊见蜀军占据对山、对己方营地形成威慑，果然怒不可遏，亲自率领兵马前来争夺，法正则在山上静观战局，先以白旗为号，令黄忠按兵不动，任凭曹军在山下叫阵挑衅，待曹军士卒倦怠松懈、夏侯渊也卸下铠甲在阵前休息时，法正果断挥动红旗，黄忠见状立刻率领精锐部队从山上俯冲而下，势如破竹般冲入曹军阵营，猝不及防的夏侯渊被黄忠一刀斩杀，曹军群龙无首、军心大乱，蜀军趁势掩杀，一举攻占定军山。
此战后刘备军威大振，顺势夺取整个汉中，不久后便自立为汉中王，三国鼎立的格局也因此得到进一步巩固，而黄忠阵斩夏侯渊的事迹，也成为后世流传的三国经典战事之一。
Object Description
This Qing Dynasty Repoussé Silver Cup with Dragon Handle, Decorated with the Opera Story of the Battle of Dingjun Mountain is an export silver artifact crafted by silversmiths in Guangzhou or Hong Kong during the late Qing Dynasty. Its form is modeled after Western drinking vessels, featuring a cylindrical body with slightly tapering straight walls.
The cup body is made using a combination of repoussé and chasing techniques. The exterior is decorated with a panoramic scene depicting the opera story of the Battle of Dingjun Mountain, showcasing the confrontation between Huang Zhong and Xiahou Yuan, as well as figures traveling among landscapes, pavilions, and terraces. The composition is compact and layered, bearing distinct stylistic characteristics of Lingnan export silverware. The handle is shaped into a high-relief three-dimensional dragon: the dragon’s head is raised proudly, and its body curls gracefully, serving both practical and decorative purposes—a common auspicious motif in 19th-century Chinese export silverware. A shield-shaped cartouche is set into the cup body, though it is left uninscribed.
The production of such silver cups is closely tied to Sino-Western trade at Qing Dynasty treaty ports, reflecting the integration and innovation of traditional Chinese craftsmanship under the influence of foreign vessel forms. The base is chased with the silversmith’s mark “Xi Ji” (喜记), a key reference for identifying its origin. Weighing 157.07 grams and measuring 9.5 cm in length, 9.6 cm in height, and 6.2 cm in depth, this cup not only demonstrates the superb metalworking skills of Qing Dynasty silversmiths but also serves as a precious material artifact for studying Qing Dynasty social life, opera dissemination, and folk aesthetic tastes. It holds reference value for research on Qing Dynasty export metal craftsmanship and cross-cultural consumption history.
The Story of the Battle of Dingjun Mountain
In the 24th year of the Jian’an era (AD 219), after capturing Yizhou, Liu Bei led his army to launch the Hanzhong Campaign to further consolidate his foundation and open a northern route into the Central Plains. The campaign culminated in a fierce confrontation with Xiahou Yuan, the general of Cao Cao’s forces guarding Hanzhong, and the Battle of Dingjun Mountain became the critical turning point of the entire campaign.
At that time, Xiahou Yuan commanded the main Cao army to hold Dingjun Mountain—a strategic stronghold—where they built fortifications and established tight defenses. Huang Zhong, the veteran general under Liu Bei, and the strategist Fa Zheng led troops to attack the mountain. Fa Zheng proposed seizing the opposing hill west of Dingjun Mountain first to gain a commanding position, then waiting for the enemy to tire before luring them into battle.
Enraged by the Shu army’s occupation of the hill (which threatened his camp), Xiahou Yuan personally led his troops to contest it. Fa Zheng observed the battle from the hilltop: he first signaled with a white flag to order Huang Zhong to hold his position, ignoring the Cao army’s taunts below. When the Cao soldiers grew exhausted and Xiahou Yuan removed his armor to rest at the front, Fa Zheng waved a red flag decisively. Seeing this, Huang Zhong led his elite troops in a downhill charge, crashing into the Cao ranks with overwhelming momentum. Caught off guard, Xiahou Yuan was killed by Huang Zhong in a single strike. With their leader dead, the Cao army fell into chaos, and the Shu army pressed their advantage to capture Dingjun Mountain in one fell swoop.
After this battle, Liu Bei’s army’s morale soared, and they went on to seize all of Hanzhong. Soon after, Liu Bei declared himself King of Hanzhong, further solidifying the tripartite division of the Three Kingdoms. Huang Zhong’s feat of slaying Xiahou Yuan has since become one of the most celebrated battles in the lore of the Three Kingdoms.
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